ОСВІТА ЯК ФАКТОР ЗРОСТАННЯ РОЛІ ЖІНОЦТВА В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ (1880-ТІ РР. – ПОЧАТОК ХХ СТ.)

Abstract

The article deals
with education, which has become the main
factor in the growth of the role of women in
Ukrainian society. It was clarifi ed why the
state paid less attention to women’s education
than education for men. That motivated
the private initiative and led to the establishment
of different types of schools for girls.
The attention was paid to the differences in
educational disciplines and to the amount
of knowledge provided by schools for girls
compared to schools for boys. It was found
out how women’s gymnasia developed. The
dynamics of the opening of these educational
institutions was studied. The attention is
paid to the fact that the need to be educated
the girls from middle and upper social
strata demonstrated more quickly compared
with the lower ones. It was found that the
girls did not satisfy the prohibition of university
education, and therefore they went to
study to Zurich and this was a motivating
factor for establishing higher female courses
in major Ukrainian cities. The spreading
of the institution of women’s education
did not remove the need for the existence
of elite schools, which were considered institutions
of noble ladies. They continued
to exist, although democratized in terms of
the social origin of their pupils. Particular
attention was also paid to the functioning
of vocational schools, the growth rates of
which signifi cantly increased every decade,
as well as the knowledge and practical skills
that could be obtained there. Thanks to education,
girls started to work in such fi elds
as pedagogy, medicine, post, public service,
as well as to achieve equal rights in society
and electoral rights. Consideration of the
spreading of women’s education is carried
out with the identifi cation of the attitude of
state institutions, the public and individual
persons towards the aspirations of girls to
acquire education and become full members
of society.