Structural and morphological properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles dopped by Boron atoms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.23.3.542-549Keywords:
Titanium dioxide, Sol-gel, Borate acid, Anatase, RutileAbstract
The phase composition and morphology of boron-containing TiO2 nanoparticles obtained by the sol-gel method were investigated. The solution of titanium aqua complex [Ti (OH2)6]3+‧3Cl- was used as a precursor. Borate acid Н3ВО3 (promoter of the formation of rutile) was used as a modified reagent. A single-phase rutile TiO2 was obtained at a concentration of borate acid in the reaction mixture, which causes the formation of a 0.5В-TiO2 sample. The particles of 0.5В-TiO2 samples were in the villi-form, with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 nm, and a length of 16-24 nm.
With an increase of the Н3ВО3 concentration in the reaction mixture, synthesized oxide materials (samples of 1.0В-TiO2 and 1.5В-TiO2) contain 70 % and 57% of anatase respectively, in addition to rutile phase. Titanium-borate monodentate molecules Ti(OH)3OB(OH)2‧2Н2О were formed during the synthesis of the 0.5B-TiO2 rutile sample. The interatomic distance of Ti-O in these particles is commensurate with the average length of the Ti-O – bond of TiO6 rutile octahedra. During the polycondensation process, the distance of the Ti-O molecule-promoter was reproduced as a pattern in the following octahedra of rutile crystals.
Two types of titanium-borate molecules are formed in the reaction medium, during the synthesis of 1.0В-TiO2 and 1.5В-TiO2 samples. Molecules with a bidentate mononuclear structure Ті(ОН)2О2ВОН‧2Н2О in which the interatomic distance of Ti-O is commensurate with the average length of the Ti-O –bond in the anatase octahedra was formed. Therefore, titanium-borate molecules of the second type act as a promoter of the formation of the TiO2 anatase phase.
References
C.Y. Kwong, W.C.H. Choy, A.B. Djurisic, P.C. Chui, K.W. Cheng, W.K. Chan. Poly(3-hexylthiophene): TiO2 nanocomposites for solar cell applications, Nanotechnology, 15, 1156 (2004).
H.Z. Yu, J.C. Liu, J.B. Peng. Photovoltaic cells with TiO2 nanocrystals and conjugated polymer composites, Chin. Phys. Lett., 25, 3013 (2008).
J. Zhao, J. Yao, Y. Zhang, M. Guli, L. Xiao, Effect on thermal treatment on TiO2 nanorod electrodes prepared by the solvothermal method for dye-sensitized solar cells: Surface reconfiguration and improved electron transport, J. Power Sources, 255, 16 (2014).
X.Li, S.M. Dai, P. Zhu, L.L. Deng, S.Y. Xie, Q. Cui, H. Chen, N. Wang, H. Lin, Efficient perovskite solar cells depending on TiO2 nanorod arrays, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8, 21358 (2016).
Imran Ali, Mohd Suhait, Zied A. Alothman and Abdulrahman Alwarthan. Recent advances in syntheses, properties, and application of TiO2 nanostructures. RSC Adv. 8, 30125, (2018).
Sadhana S. Rayalu, Deepa Jose, Meenal V. Joshi, Priti A. Mangrulkar, Khadga Shrestha, Kenneth Klabunde. Photocatalytic water splitting on Au/TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized through various routes: Enhancement photocatalytic activity due to SPR effect. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 142, 684 (2013).
Esra Bilgin Simsek, Solvothermal synthesized boron-doped TiO2 catalysts: Photocatalytic degradation of endocrine-disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals under visible light irradiation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 200, 309 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.07.016.
Kolade Augustine Oyekan, Maarten Van de Put, Sabyasachi Tiwari, Carole Rossi, Alain Esteve, William Vandenberghe, Re-examining the role of subsurface oxygen vacancies in the dissociation of H2O molecules on anatase TiO2, Applied Surface Science, 594, (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153452.
I. Mironyuk, T. Tatarchuk, H. Vasylyeva, V. Gun'ko, I. Mykytyn, Effects of chemosorbed arsenate groups on the mesoporous titania morphology and enhanced adsorption properties towards Sr (II) cations, J. of Molecular Liquids, 282, 587 (2019). https://doi:10.1016/J.MOLLIQ.2019.03.026.
I. Mironyuk, T. Tatarchuk, Mu. Naushad, H. Vasylyeva, I. Mykytyn, Adsorption of Sr (II) cations onto phosphate mesoporous titanium dioxide: mechanism, isotherm, and kinetics studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7(6), 103430 (2019). https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103430.
I. Mironyuk, T. Tatarchuk, Mu. Naushad, H. Vasylyeva, I. Mykytyn, Highly Efficient Adsorption Of Strontium Ions By Carbonated Mesoporous TiO2. J. of Molecular Liquids, 285, 742 (2019). https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.111.
H. Vasylyeva, I. Mironyuk, I. Mykytyn, Kh. Savka, Equilibrium studies of yttrium adsorption from aqueous solutions by titanium dioxide, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 168, (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109473.
H. Vasylyeva, I. Mironyuk, M. Strilchuk, I. Maliuk, V. Tryshyn. A new way to ensure selective zirconium ion adsorption. Radiochimica Acta, 109(12), (2021); https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1083.
P. Pookmanee and S. Phanichphant. Titanium dioxide powder prepared by a sol-gel method, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 10(2), 167 (2009).
R.F. de Farias. A new experimental procedure to obtain titania powders as anatase phase by a sol-gel process, Quim. Nova, 25(6), 1027 (2002).
G. Li, L. Li, J.B. Goates, and B.F. Woodfield. Grain-growth kinetics of rutile TiO2 nanocrystals under hydrothermal conditions, J. Mater. Res., 18(11), 2664 (2003).
G.Q. Guo, J.K. Whitesell, M.A. Fox. Synthesis of TiO2 photocatalysts in supercritical CO2 via a non-hydrolytic route, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 18781 (2005).
M. Niederberger, M.H. Bartl, G.D. Stucky. Benzyl alcohol and titanium tetrachlorides а versatile reaction system for the nonaqueous and low-temperature preparation of crystalline and luminescent titania nanoparticles, Chem. Mater., 14(10), 4364 (2002).
Dorian A. H. Hanaor, Charles C. Sorrell. Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation. J. Mater. Sci., 46, 855 (2011).
Niu Pingping, Wu Guanghui, Chen Pinghua, et al., Optimization of Boron Doped TiO2 as an Efficient Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Organic Dye Degradation With High Reusability. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8 (2020); https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2020.00172
G.M. Sheldrick. SHELXL-97. Program for the refinement of crystal structures. Göttingen: Univ. Göttingen, Germany (1997).
Rodriguez-Carvajal. FULLPROF: A program for Rietveld refinement and pattern matching analysis// Abstracts of the satellite meeting on powder diffraction of the XV Congress of the IUCr, Toulouse, France. 127 p. (1990).
V.M. Gun’ko, V.V. Turov, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of interfacial phenomena, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2013.
T. Posch, F. Kerschbaum, D. Fabian, et al. Infrared properties of solid titanium oxides: exploring potential primary dust condensates, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 149, 437 (2003).
M. Ocaña, V. Fornés, J.V. García Ramos, C.J. Serna. Factors affecting the infrared and Raman spectra of rutile powders, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 75 (2), 364 (1988).
G.-W. Peng, S.-K. Chen, H.-S. Liu. Infrared Absorption Spectra and Their Correlation with the Ti-O Bond Length Variations for TiO2(Rutile), Na-Titanates, and Na-Titanosilicate (Natisite, Na2TiOSiO4), Appl. Spectrosc., 49, 1646 (1995).
L.I. Myronyuk, I.F. Myronyuk, V.L. Chelyadyn, V.M. Sachko, M.A. Nazarkovsky, R. Leboda, J. Skubiszewska-Zie, V.M. Gun’ko. Structural and morphological features of crystalline nano titania synthesized in different aqueous media. Chemical Physics Letters 583, 103, (2013).
K.M. Mackay, R.A. Mackay, W. Henderson, Introduction to modern inorganic chemistry, 5th ed., Blackie Academic and professional, and imprint of Chapman and Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London, UK (1996).
G. Lefèvre, In situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies of inorganic ions adsorption on metal oxides and hydroxides, Adv. Colloid. Interfac. 107, 109 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2003.11.002.
X.-S. Liu, Chapter 6 - Inorganic Photochemical Synthesis, Editor(s): Ruren Xu, Yan Xu, Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry (Second Edition), Elsevier, (2017) 143-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63591-4.00006-9
Yongqiang Yang, Yuyang Kang, Gang Liu, Hui-Ming Cheng, Homogeneous boron doping in a TiO2 shell supported on a TiB2 core for enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 39(3), 431 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63043-8.
Kui Zhang, Xiangdong Wang, Tianou He, Xiaoling Guo, Yaming Feng, Preparation and photocatalytic activity of B–N co-doped mesoporous TiO2, Powder Technology, 253, 608 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.12.024.
E. Grabowska, A. Zaleska, J.W. Sobczak, M. Gazda, J. Hupka, Boron-doped TiO2 Characteristics and photoactivity under visible light, Procedia Chemistry, 1(2), 1553 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2009.11.003.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
